Preparation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Shampoo

Krushna K. Zambare*¹, Swati B. Gonge¹, Geetanjali B. Shewale¹, Pranita S. Pawar¹

SBSPM’s B. Pharmacy College, Ambajogai – 431517. Dist. Beed., Maharashtra, India.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: krushnazambare1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Shampoo is a hair care product. Shampoos are used not only for cleansing of hair but also for control of hair fall, dandruff, frizz, or to prevent damage to excessive oily or dry scalp etc. The shampoo contains various ingredients such as cleansing agent, preservative, foaming agent, sometimes antifungal or antibacterial agent etc. It is reported that some of these agents like antifungal agents show side effects like irritation, loss of hair, itching, increased scaling, nausea, and headache. Hence it is necessary to formulate the shampoo with the minimal side effects. Therefore the present study is aimed at formulating the shampoo which is chemical free and instead contains the herbal extracts which can be the best alternative against the chemical based shampoos and also may show better safety and efficacy. The formulated shampoo contains the herbal extracts of Azadirachta indica, Zingiber officinale, Citrus limon, Parkinsonia aculeata, Emblica officinalis and Ocimum sanctum and other ingredients required for shampoo base. The formulation was then evaluated by several tests like visual inspection, pH, Percentage of solids contents, Dirt dispersion, viscosity, Foaming ability and foam stability, Surface tension etc.

KEYWORDS: Herbal shampoo, Shampoo, Parkinsonia aculeate, Ocimum sanctum, Zingiber officinale.

1. INTRODUCTION:

Hairs are very important beatifying part of the humans. From the ancient time herbal drugs were used for beatifying and cleaning the hairs. Now a day’s various synthetic shampoos are used instead of herbs in cleaning hairs but along with cleaning hairs these products are having various adverse effects on eyes and scalp. That’s why most of the peoples today are paying attention on using herbal shampoos.¹Hence the current study is planned to prepare the herbal shampoo using various herbs which can act as antibacterial, antifungal and also to minimize

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Plat material:

All plant materials are collected from the herbal garden of the SBSPM’s B. Pharmacy College, Maharashtra. Only the ginger is collected from the local market of Ambajogai. The plants collected for the shampoo formulation are as follows,

A. Azadirachta indica:

The leaves of the Azadirachta indica are collected and are shed dried. The dried leaves are then powdered for the better extraction. The Azadirachta indica plant shows anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-septic properties that’s why it is used in current formulation².

B. Zingiber officinale:

The rhizomes of Z. officinale are collected, cut in small pieses and dried. It is reported that the extract of Zingiber officinale shows good antifungal and antibiofilm formation by fungi against C. albicans and C. Krusei³.

C. Citrus limon:

The Citrus limone leaves were collected and shed dried. The Citrus limone showed antifungal activity via affecting the cell membranes of the Candida albicans⁴.

D. Parkinsonia aculeata:

The Parkinsonia aculeata leaves are collected and shed dried. The P. aculeate leaves extract showed good antibacterial property against E. coli and S. aureus⁵.

E. Emblica officinalis:

The leaves of the E. officinalis were collected and shed dried. The amla is having hair growth promoting activity^6,7. Further it is also proved that it is having antibacterial and anti fungal properties⁸.

F. Ocimum sanctum:

The leaves of the O. sanctum were collected and shed dried. The tulsi is having anti-bacterial activity^6,9. It is also proved that the O. sanctum is having anti-cryptoccocal and anti-candidial activity^10,11.

Soxhlet Extraction:

The plant material collected is dried in shed and then fine powdered using mortar and pestle. The powdered plant material is extracted using soxhlet extraction technique. The extraction is done using water as solvent. The aqueous extracts are filtered to remove solid mass. Filtrate, thus obtained was concentrated by evaporation of the solvent to get dried extract. The drying of extract is done using rota evaporator at controlled temperature. The obtained extract is dried and used for shampoo formulation¹².

Preparation of Shampoo:

The polyherbal shampoo was formulated by simple mixing process. All dried extract of plants were added in mortar and mixed. Later the methyl paraben is added. Further glycerin and sodium lauryl sulfate is added and mixed. At last the perfume and the water q. s. to make 100ml is added to the mixture. The resulting liquid was mixed using mortar and pestle. The resultant formulation was poured in container and stored. The amount of ingredients took for the different polyherbal shampoo formulation is given in table 2.

Fig 1. Sox latex traction of herbal drugs

3. Evaluation of herbal shampoo:

3.1. Determination of Ph:

The 10% solution of the shampoo is prepared. The pH is measured by using pH meter at room temperaturer¹³.

3.2. Dirt dispersion:

The test tube containing 10ml of distilled water is added to it. Later two drops of shampoo formulation is added to the test tube. Afterwards one drop of India ink is added to the test tube. The test tube is then stopper with the cork and shaken for 10 times. The results were written from amount of ink dispersed such as None, Light, Moderate, or Heavy^13,14.

3.3. Physical appearance/ Organoleptic properties:

In organoleptic properties the colour and odour of the shampoo was evaluated. The colour of the shampoo was determined by visual inspection of the formulation. The odour of the shampoo was determined by odour sensitive five peoples¹⁵.

Table1.FormulationofHerbalAnti-DandruffShampoo

Sr. No.	Ingredient	PartUsed	F1	F2	F3
01	Azadirachta indica extract	Leaves	0.25gm	0.5gm	01gm
02	Ocimumsanctum extract	Leaves	0.25gm	0.5gm	01gm
03	Citruslimon extract	Leaves	0.25gm	0.5gm	01gm
04	Zingiber officinale extract	Rhizome	0.25gm	0.5gm	01gm
05	Parkinsoniaaculeata extract	Leaves	0.25gm	0.5gm	01gm
06	Emblicaofficinalis extract	Fruits	0.25gm	0.5gm	01gm
07	Glycerin	--	5ml	5ml	5ml
08	Methyl Paraben	--	0.25gm	0.25gm	0.25gm
09	Sodium Hudroxide	--	Toadjusting pH	Toadjusting pH	Toadjusting pH
10	Sodium Lauryl Sulfate	--	20ml	15ml	10ml
11	Perfume (Roseoil)	--	Q.S.	Q.S.	Q.S.
12	Distill water	--	Q.S.	Q.S.	Q.S.
	Total	--	100ml	100ml	100ml

3.4. Foaming ability and foam stability:

The foaming ability and foam stability test is done using cylinder shake method. In this method 50ml of the 1% shampoo solution was taken in a 250ml graduated cylinder and covered the cylinder with hand. The cylinder is then shaken for 10times. The volume of the foam appeared due to shaking is measured after every one minute consecutively for 4 minutes^13,16.

3.5. Skin irritation test:

The herbal formulation of shampoo was applied on the skin of volunteers and kept for five minutes. The area of skin is observed where shampoo is applied after 5 minutes. The redness or skin irritation was observed¹⁷.

3.6. Ease of Rinsing:

The ease of rinsing action of herbal shampoo was performed by applying 5ml of the herbal shampoo over the hair and recorded time required to remove frothing from hair by water is determined¹⁸.

3.7. Ease of Combing:

After rinsing hair with herbal shampoo the ease of combing was determined on wet hairs. This was done by passing a comb through the wet hair and checking whether the comb glides smoothly while combing was determined¹⁸.

3.8. Luster of Hair:

Luster of hair was determined after rinsing the hair with herbal shampoo and later drying them¹⁸.

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

In the present research work three formulations were made whose detail is given in table no. 1. Further physical appearance, dirt dispersion, ease of combing, luster of hair and pH were determined and they are given in table 3.

All the herbal shampoo formulations show good foaming ability. The pH of formulation is slightly acidic and was ranging from 5.60 to 5.90. Also the dirt dispersion results indicate that no dirt would stays in the foam; so prepared formulations are suitable for use. Further the foaming ability and foam stability results showed that foam produced stays long enough and foaming ability is also good. Furthermore it is also observed that after rinsing the hair the combing is easy and the hairs are lustrous. The cleansing action of shampoo is not dependent on the foaming ability but the amount of foam produced and its long stay creates costumer acceptability. The results of foaming ability and foaming stability are given in table 4.

Table 3. Foam Stability of Herbal Shampoo Formulations

Time in minutes	Volume of Foam (ml)
Time in minutes	F1	F2	F3
01	165	175	180
02	163	173	178
03	162	171	175
04	160	170	173
05	158	168	171

The skin irritation test revealed that there is no swelling or redness after application of shampoo.

Table 4. Herbal drugs with their use in shampoo formulation

Sr. No.	Ingredient	Part Used	Use in Shampoo formulation	Other uses
01	Azadirachta indica	Leaves	Anti-fungal, Anti-bacterial, Anti-septic	Analgesic, Against leprosy, skin ulcer, urinary disorder, anti diabetes, Skin ulcers¹⁹
02	Ocimum sanctum	Leaves	Anti-fungal, Anti-bacterial¹⁸	Antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-ulcer, anti-anxiety, anti-depressant, antiviral, against urinary tract infection, acne, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, skin and wound infections, anti-diabetic, antiasthmatic, antimalarial, antitussive, antifertility, anticoagulant, antispasmodic, antiemetic²⁰
03	Citrus limon	Leaves	Antifungal	---
04	Zingiber officinale	Rhizome	Anti-fungal	Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiplatelet, antiobesity, antipyretic, antiemetic, neuroprotective²¹against polycystic ovary syndrome²²
05	Parkinsonia aculeata	Leaves	Anti-bacterial	Antioxidant, antirabies, antiamoebic, antidiabetic, antispermatogenic, antimalarial ²³
06	Emblica officinalis	Fruits	Hair growth Promoter, Anti-fungal, Anti-bacterial	Antioxidant, antipyretic, analgesic, cytoprotective, antiulcer, immune modulatory, antiinflammatory, antitussive and gastroprotective²⁴

5. CONCLUSION:

From the results it can be concluded that the formulated herbal shampoos are better in various aspects. The marketed shampoos have various chemicals which can harm scalp. Further from the present study it can be concluded that herbal shampoos are formulated and are better in performance as that of the marketed formulation but further research is required for the betterment of its quality.

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Received on 10.09.2019 Accepted on 20.10.2019

Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 10(2): July-Dec.2019 page 41-44.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5844.2019.00009.8

Formulation	pH	Appearance	Dirt Dispersion	Ease of combing andLuster of Hair
F1	5.60 ± 0.02	Yellowish-Brown	Light	Good
F2	5.72 ± 0.04	Brownish	Light	Good
F3	5.86 ± 0.03	Brownish	Light	Good